The charging system test at the roadside
After a successful jump start the operator performs a charging system test before leaving. The test uses a battery/alternator tester (a clamp-meter type device or a conductance tester connected to the battery terminals) that measures: battery open-circuit voltage (should be 12.6 V for a fully charged 12V lead-acid battery), battery conductance or cold-cranking amps (compared to the battery's rated CCA), and alternator output voltage at idle and under load (should be 13.8 to 14.4 V at idle; dropping below 13 V under load indicates a charging fault).
If the alternator is producing 13.8 to 14.4 V and the battery conductance is within range, the vehicle can be driven safely. The jump start is sufficient. If the alternator output is below 13 V, the battery will continue to discharge while the engine is running and the vehicle will break down again, typically within 20 to 40 km.
A conductance test result below 50 % of the rated CCA indicates the battery has degraded beyond safe use and will not hold a charge reliably even with a functional alternator.
